Causal non-locality can arise from constrained replication

Can a Synaptic Signal Arise from Noise?

The spontaneous fusion of vesicles at nerve terminals produces random miniature postsynaptic potentials (quantal responses) that are thought to have little functional significance. In this issue of Neuron, Sharma and Vijayaraghavan provide evidence that exogenous signals can accelerate and synchronize the occurrence of quanta strongly enough to activate postsynaptic neurons in what may be a new...

How life can arise from chemistry

How a Non-hierarchical Neutrino Mass Matrix Can Arise

One puzzle of neutrino masses and mixings is that they do not exhibit the kind of strong “hierarchy” that is found for the quarks and charged leptons. Neutrino mass ratios and mixing angles are not small. A possible reason for this is proposed here. It is based on the fact that typical realistic grand unified models contain particles with unification-scale masses which, when integrated out, can...

Can Non-Adiabatic Perturbations Arise After Single-Field Inflation?

It is shown that non-adiabatic cosmological perturbations cannot appear during the period of reheating following inflation with a single scalar inflaton field. Electronic address: [email protected] According to a widely adopted picture [1], the perturbations to the Robertson– Walker cosmology arose from the quantum fluctuations in a slowly rolling scalar “inflaton” field during a peri...

Locality-Constrained Concept Factorization

Matrix factorization based techniques, such as nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and concept factorization (CF), have attracted great attention in dimension reduction and data clustering. Both of them are linear learning problems and lead to a sparse representation of the data. However, the sparsity obtained by these methods does not always satisfy locality conditions, thus the obtained da...